New insight into the average probability of failure on demand and the probability of dangerous failure per hour of safety instrumented systems
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Date
2010-06-02
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Journal of Risk and Reliability.Vol. 224 Part O.pp 75-86
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the
IEC 61508 standard. First, low and high or continuous demand modes of operation of safety
instrumented systems are examined by analysing their official definitions given in the IEC
61508 and IEC 61511 standards. In this context, the paper proposes a new criterion for distinguishing these two modes of operation. A study allowing the determination of accident frequency is also presented, where the system under study consists of one element under control
and its associated safety instrumented system. Second, the relationship between the average
probabilities of failure on demand and the risk reduction factor is studied. It is shown that the
commonly used approach (the standard approach) may lead to an optimistic value for the risk
reduction factor. Finally, the paper clarifies the nature of the probability of failure per hour of
a safety instrumented system and proposes different ways to compute this in the general case,
based on fault tree, Markov model, and Petri nets approaches.