Study of the bio-insecticide, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some plants of the genus Salvia
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Faculty of Sciences
Abstract
Our work aims to valorize the essential oils of three medicinal plants of different origins from the genus Salvia of the Lamiaceae family: Salvia sclarea from France, Salvia officinalis from Algeria, and Salvia officinalis from Lebanon. The main objective of this study is to explore the phytochemical properties of these plants through: The extraction of essential oils by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, an antioxidant activity study (DPPH and Total Antioxidant Capacity - CAT), a bio-insecticide assay on the stored product pest Ephestia kuehniella, an antibacterial activity study against three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium). The results show that the essential oil yield of the two S. officinalis species is 0.6% for Algeria and 1.1% for Lebanon, with organoleptic characteristics similar to those of AFNOR (1999): for Salvia officinalis from Algeria, a mobile liquid aspect, colorless, with a fresh camphor and rosemary odor; and for Salvia officinalis from Lebanon, a mobile liquid aspect, light yellow in color, with a fresh camphor pine odor and a mentholated and herbaceous thujone base note. The CAT and DPPH tests of the essential oils of S. sclarea from France, S. officinalis from Algeria, and S. officinalis from Lebanon show good antioxidant activity with CAT values of 291.57 ± 0.73, 36.32 ± 1.40, and 35.52 ± 1.57 mg/ml respectively, and DPPH values of 0.38 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.01, and 0.17 ± 0.01 mg/ml, respectively. The evaluation of bio-insecticide activity on Ephestia kuehniella with different concentrations of essential oils of S. sclarea from France (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.5 μL), S. officinalis from Algeria (0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 3, and 3.5 μL), and S. officinalis from Lebanon (2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 μL) shows the following lethal doses: for the essential oil of S. sclarea from France, LD10 = 0.0782436 μL, LD25 = 0.1388 μL, LD50 = 0.2461 μL, and LD90 = 0.7744 μL. However, the two species of S. officinalis do not show good insecticidal activity against Ephestia kuehniella. Regarding antibacterial activity, the essential oils of the three plants show resistance to the three bacterial strains studied: Escherichia coli (resistant -; between 0.8 mm for S. sclarea and S. officinalis from Algeria and 1.27 mm for S. officinalis from Lebanon), Salmonella typhimurium (resistant -; 0.6 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.3 mm for S. officinalis from Algeria, S. officinalis from Lebanon, and S. sclarea from France respectively), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (resistant -; with 1.2 mm for S. officinalis from Algeria and S. officinalis from Lebanon, and 3.3 mm for S. sclarea from France). Ultimately, these results suggest that the essential oils of the three Salvia species could be used as a natural and effective alternative to the chemicals commonly used in agriculture for the control of stored product pests, as well as synthetic antioxidants. This study paves the way for future research to optimize the use of this plant in various fields.