Hygiène, Sécurité et environnement(HSE)
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Item Risk assessment of Atmospheric Column Overhead Product Drum(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 4, December-2024.p-p 248-254, 2024-12-31) Zennir Youcef; Bounezour HichemThe risk analysis plays an important role in the risk management process. Its objective is to identify significant adverse consequences, then assess their severity in order to decide on measures to control the risk. Our study involves conducting a risk analysis related to an un-stabilized naphtha separator ball from the Topping unit located at the Skikda refinery. We applied the HAZOP approach to identify accident scenarios that could be generated by this hazardous equipment. The modeling of the consequences of the chosen phenomenon, which is the BLEVE, was carried out using the PHAST software.Item FMEA-Failure Modes & Effects Analysis for Incident Investigation ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE -EBT SYSTEM(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMES (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 4, December-2024.p-p212-221, 2024-12-31) Zennir YoucefAlthough FMEA is traditionally a tool for prevention, it can be adjusted to serve as an investigation method. When an incident occurs, using FMEA allows for a thorough and structured analysis of the failure modes that conduct to it. This approach assists in identifying root causes, understanding the impact of each failure mode, and developing corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The systematic nature of FMEA ensures that all possible factors contributing to the incident are considered, leading to a comprehensive understanding and robust preventive measures. The study demonstrates the application of FMEA to investigate for an incident involving an EBT system at electrical arc furnace EAF in a steel complex. The incident in question involves the sudden movement of ladle car parked under EAF to receive the molten metal leading to taping molten metal out the ladle, by the applying of FMEA , the investigation team aims to identify the failure modes that contributed to this incident, assess their effects, calculate their criticality, and develop corrective actions to prevent similar incidents in the future.Item A-Systematic Literature review on Industrial Scheduling Optimization(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 4, December-2024. P-P 222-235, 2024-12-31) Zennir YoucefThe optimization of industrial schedules has become an essential pursuit in modern industries, driven by the need to maximize efficiency, minimize operational costs, and enhance sustainability. This literature review investigates the diverse methodologies, strategies, and technological advancements shaping the field of industrial scheduling optimization. Focusing particularly on applications within petrochemical and other high-stakes industries, this review explores the use of artificial intelligence, advanced safety protocols, intelligent maintenance planning, and innovative scheduling algorithms. Through a critical analysis of recent studies, this review identifies key trends and challenges, including the integration of new technologies with legacy systems, the balance of cost and operational demands, and the development of resilient frameworks for unpredictable environments. By addressing these challenges and synthesizing current knowledge, this review highlights areas for further research and provides insights into creating adaptive, efficient, and robust scheduling strategies that can propel industrial operations into a new era of optimized performance.Item Evaluation of safety instrumented system using “HAZOP-LOPA-FTA” methodology(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS)Vol 9, Issue 4,2024.p-p 287-293, 2024-12-31) Zennir YoucefFollowing the IEC 61508 standard, this paper presents a combined "HAZOP-LOPA-FTA" method for evaluating the safety level of a High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) which is a type of SIS. The technique combines hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), layers of protection analysis (LOPA), and fault tree analysis (FTA). This paper aims to confirm that a safety instrumented system achieves the intended safety integrity level as per IEC 61508. If not, suggest upgrading the safety instrumented system to lessen the effects of the scenario under study. The technique was used in the C-63 distillation column at RA1K Skikda refinery. HAZOP identified important causes and effects. According to LOPA, a minimum safety level was determined. The real SIL rating was calculated using the Tree module in the GRIF software.Item Performance Analysis of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for PID Control of Electric Wheelchairs(International Journal of Automation and Safety (2024) Vol2, N° 02.p-p 14-19, 2024-12-31) Zennir YoucefThis study presents the development and optimization of an electric wheelchair designed to improve the mobility and independence of users with disabilities. The system integrates mechanical modeling using SOLIDWORKS, kinematic simulation in SIMULINK, and advanced control strategies employing nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. A model-free co-simulation approach between SOLIDWORKS and SIMULINK enables realistic and adaptable system simulations without relying on predefined mathematical models. Key algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA), are utilized to tune PID controllers for optimal trajectory tracking and system responsiveness. Simulation tests in Coppeliasim demonstrate the wheelchair’s capability for precise navigation, and safety enhancement. The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) showcased superior performance in achieving smoother and more accurate trajectory tracking. This research highlights the potential of combining simulation tools and metaheuristic optimization techniques to enhance the usability and functionality of intelligent wheelchairs, offering a practical solution to improve the quality of life for individuals with limited mobility.Item Assessing Fire and Explosion Risks Associated with Gas Turbines Using the Fire and Explosion Index(International Journal of Automation and Safety (2024) Vol2, N° 02. p-p 08-12, 2024-12-31) Zennir YoucefGas turbines are extensively used across various industries, such as power generation, aviation, and petrochemical sectors, where they handle flammable fuels and operate in conditions with inherent fire and explosion risks. This research paper provides a detailed analysis of applying the Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) to evaluate the risks linked to gas turbines. The study highlights the importance of using the F&EI as a proactive tool for identifying potential hazards and developing effective safety strategies. The research findings reinforce the value of this method in classifying and prioritizing safety measures to ensure a suitable level of safety is maintained.Item New insight into the average probability of failure on demand and the probability of dangerous failure per hour of safety instrumented systems(Journal of Risk and Reliability.Vol. 224 Part O.pp 75-86, 2010-06-02) Innal FaresThe aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 standard. First, low and high or continuous demand modes of operation of safety instrumented systems are examined by analysing their official definitions given in the IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards. In this context, the paper proposes a new criterion for distinguishing these two modes of operation. A study allowing the determination of accident frequency is also presented, where the system under study consists of one element under control and its associated safety instrumented system. Second, the relationship between the average probabilities of failure on demand and the risk reduction factor is studied. It is shown that the commonly used approach (the standard approach) may lead to an optimistic value for the risk reduction factor. Finally, the paper clarifies the nature of the probability of failure per hour of a safety instrumented system and proposes different ways to compute this in the general case, based on fault tree, Markov model, and Petri nets approaches.Item Uncertainty analysis of industrial fire effects simulation(CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS. VOL35.pp 1423-1428, 2013-01-02) Innal FaresIn this study, we have studied the relative influence of uncertainty in input parameters of an atmospheric dispersion model (wind speed, NOx initial concentration and NOx diffusivity coefficient) on the variation of the outputs. Knowing the uncertainty of a prediction is critical for the decision making process. While the uncertainties in various elements of the modelling process are being determined, it is also important to investigate how those uncertainties interact with each other and contribute to the uncertainty in the final result (e.g. NOx concentration predictions). Therefore, decision-makers should not base their judgment solely on the mean values, but they should, in particular, consider the upper bound plume concentration. In further work, we will include all parameters and also consider the parametric sensitivity analysis of the numerical dispersion model.Item Approche distribuée de l'apprentissage : Application au contrôle de la trajectoire d'un robot hexapode(Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés. Volume 39- n°8. pp 965-993, 2005-10-01) Zennir YoucefUne approche distribuée de l’apprentissage par renforcement de type Q-learning est proposée dans laquelle des groupes d’agents contribuant à une même tâche mènent leur apprentissage en tenant compte ou non de l’existence des autres agents. L’approche est appliquée à la commande d’un robot hexapode pour qu’il apprenne à marcher et à changer de trajectoire tout en contrôlant sa posture. Les résultats de simulation valident l’approche proposée. D’autres travaux de recherche relatifs au domaine sont discutés.Item Cost Effective Analysis of the Design of Safety Instrumented Systems Using Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm(International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering Vol. 13, No. 6, December, 2023, pp. 975-986, 2023-12-25) Innal FaresThis study aims to develop a new cost effectiveness analysis framework in the context of safety instrumented systems (SIS) design and operation. The primary objective is to achieve an optimal equilibrium among safety integrity, operational integrity, and lifecycle cost of SIS. It is essential to note that these objectives may often be in conflict; for instance, enhancing safety integrity could potentially diminish operational integrity and escalate costs. Achieving this balance is crucial to ensure that the risk level being addressed aligns precisely with the desired objectives while minimizing any adverse effects. The novelty of this paper lies in the refined formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem and the application of a recently developed swarm-based MantaRay Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a typical SIS design challenge, which entails satisfying specific measures in terms of Safety Integrity Level (SIL), spurious trip activation rate, and lifecycle cost. These measures depend on variables such as the number and voting scheme of components, their types, and the intervals for potential proof tests. For validation and comparison, the problem was initially tackled using a conventional approach based on genetic algorithms. Subsequently, the MRFO algorithm was employed, yielding highly satisfactory results and confirming its proficiency in resolving real-world SIS optimization challenges. Notably, the MRFO algorithm produced a greater number of solutions compared to the genetic algorithm approach. This increase in solution options is advantageous, offering decision-makers a broader array of choices for optimal system design. This study contributes significantly to the field of SIS design, presenting an innovative, algorithm-driven approach to balancing safety, operational integrity, and cost in system development. It also contributes to understanding the life cycle costs of security barriers in general.Item Supervision System and Vibration Control of a Turbo-Compressor 100TK-51(Skikda Refinery) Using In touch-Triconex Platform(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 3.pp 187-194, 2024-09-30) Zennir YoucefIndustrial maintenance has become a major issue for both the sustainability of machinery and boosting the production rate and energy efficiency of industrial facilities. The present work is focused on the creation of a monitoring system for a rotating machine (100 Tk-51) in Skikda Refinery. The system offers a vibration analysis paired with a safety algorithm implemented in a higher-performance PLC (TRICONEX). The HMI (Hamman Machine Interface) is designed to employ the Intouch platform. By incorporating sophisticated vibration monitoring, the system enables early diagnosis of mechanical difficulties, directly combining maintenance activities with vibration data to avert possible breakdowns. The system's goal is to deliver a powerful tool that not only prevents accidents but also evaluates any weaknesses before any problems arise, ensuring the equipment's continuous and efficient functioningItem Application of STPA for Comprehensive Risk Analysis of Naphtha Explosion Hazards Case study: Column C-63 at Skikda-RA1K refinery(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 3.pp153-161, 2024-09-30) Zennir YoucefChemical accidents always result in significant losses due to the flammable, explosive, and toxic characteristics of hazardous chemicals. Analysis of process safety parameters is an effective way to prevent hazardous chemical accidents and reduce losses. System-theoretic process analysis (STPA) is a newer hazard analysis technique that is based on systems theory. It has been shown to be effective in identifying hazards in other industries, but its application in oil and gas plants is still rare and limited due to systems complexities and other challenges. This paper aims to apply the STPA method to a complex system “column C-63” at the Skikda RA1K refinery to prevent the explosion scenario of naphtha. The results show that STPA was able to identify the root causes of the explosion scenario, which is important for preventing chemical risks.Item Risk Identification of Robotic Systems through the Application of System-Theoretic Process Analysis(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 2.pp 107-112, 2024-06-01) Bensaci Chaima; Zennir YoucefAutonomous multi-mobile robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in various applications, ranging from industrial automation to healthcare and logistics. While these robots offer enhanced efficiency and productivity, their operation introduces many safety challenges. In this paper, the application of SystemTheoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is proposed as a systematic approach to identify and mitigate risks associated with the main features of autonomous multi-mobile robots. This approach is illustrated using a case study concerning a transportation task of hazardous products within a robotic analysis laboratory. Through a structured analysis process, STPA enables the identification of unsafe control actions, the establishment of safety constraints also the generation of safety requirements. The ultimate goal is to improve the autonomous attribute of mobile robots, so on ensuring their operational safety in high-risk environments.Item Deep Q-Learning-Based Trajectory Optimization for Vehicle Navigation in CARLA(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 2.pp 128-133, 2024-06-01) Zennir YoucefThis paper presents a comprehensive study that focuses on simulating a vehicle within the autonomousvehicle simulator, CARLA. The primary objective of this research is to enable the vehicle to accurately follow apredetermined trajectory while effectively avoiding obstacles in its environment. Deep QLearning algorithms areemployed to achieve this goal, aiming to optimize the safety of the vehicle'snavigation. The simulation of the vehicleserves as a platform for studying the rules of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and their impact on the vehicle's navigation.The objective is to identify the most suitable rule that leads to improved optimization of the vehicle's trajectory. Byleveraging the capabilities of CARLA as the simulation environment and implementing state-of-the-art DQNalgorithms, this research contributes to the advancement of autonomous vehicle technology. The findings of this studyhave practical implications for enhancing the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicle navigation systems, makingthem highly relevant to industryprofessionals, researchers, and academic scholars in this field.Item Implementing FMEA for Multi-Stage Centrifugal Compressor in ASU “AQS”(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS) Vol 02, No 01, pp. 24-32, 2024-06-30) Zennir YoucefAir separation units (ASUs) play a crucial role in industrial processes that require gases of high purity. Within ASUs, multi-stage centrifugal compressors are vital since they efficiently compress and deliver air for subsequent separation processes. However, these compressors are susceptible to various failure modes, which can have a significant impact on the performance and safety of ASUs. To address this issue, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is employed as a systematic approach for identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing potential failure modes in complex systems. This article provides an overview of the applications of FMEA in multi-stage centrifugal compressors within ASUs. It explores the challenges and benefits associated with FMEA, emphasizing its role in enhancing compressor reliability, reducing downtime, and fostering operational excellence.Item Enhancing Mobility for Individuals with Disabilities: A Computer Vision-Based Approach to Electric Wheelchair Control(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS) Vol.02, N°: 01.pp07-10, 2024-06-30) Zennir YoucefIn this work, we utilized a branch of artificial intelligence known as computer vision to provide easy and possible control of motorized wheelchairs in some special cases. We recognized that many disabled individuals who are unable to use their hands face challenges in operating traditional control sticks. Thus, we proposed a system that controls the wheelchair's movement by tracking the individual's head direction through a fixed camera placed in front of it. This means the wheelchair only moves based on the user's intended path as determined by their visual focus. This work has been successfully implemented in a simulated environment.Item Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for a Hexapod Robot Using Proximity Sensors(international Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS)Vol.02, N°: 01.pp 01-06, 2024-06-30) Zennir YoucefThe hexapod walking robot serves as a versatile mobile platform, adept at navigating challenging terrains owing to its stable leg-based locomotion. Demonstrating high stability in both static and dynamic states, it effectively traverses terrains with obstacles. In this paper, we propose a method for obstacle avoidance utilizing proximity sensors, integrated with an Intelligent Walking Algorithm (IWA) for locomotion control, and a tripod gait algorithm for walking. Our simulations were conducted using the CoppeliaSim simulator with the Python interface. The results were highly satisfactory, as the robot consistently avoided obstacles with a remarkable combination of stability and precision.Item Analyzing Storage Tank Incidents: Utilizing Fishbone Diagram and Fault Tree Methods(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS). Vol.02, N°: 0.pp 47-56, 2024-06-30) Zennir YoucefOil and gas are the most important energies in the word. To exploit them both, go through a set of steps such as exploration; drilling, extraction, refining and storage. In this last step (storage), there are several methods of storage using floating Roof Tanks, Fixed Roof Tanks, Fixed Roof Tanks with internal floating Roof, Sphere…. etc. In storage phase happen many accidents and incidents. This paper divided in two main parts, the first part reviews storage tank types, storage tanks accidents types and accident locations. And in the second parts we used Fish bone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram) and Fault tree method to investigate the causes of storage tanks accidents/incidents and their mitigation action. The statical analysis of the accident shows that 74%of accident happened between refinery facilities and the most common accidents are Fire and Explosion by 80%. While the most two major causes of accidents are Lightning by 33%, followed by human Error by 30%Item Performance Assessment of an Emergency Plan Using Petri Nets(JOURNAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS.Vol 32 pp235-240, 2013-01-01) Innal FaresEmergency plans (EP) are complex systems which incorporate elements of three different natures: technical, human and organizational. In addition, they must be executed under time and efficiency constraints. This inherent complexity may leads to a number of failures, such as unavailability of critical personnel or technical assets and inappropriate operators' actions. In this paper we present a Petri Netbased approach to model and evaluate the performance of an EP related to condensate storage tank fire scenario. In fact, Petri Nets are a powerful tool to describe complex systems and their inherent interactions. Due to the model complexity, results are obtained thanks to Monte Carlo simulation.Item Industrial fire simulation and uncertainty associated with the Emission Dispersion Model(Journal Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014-10-01) Innal FaresThe use of numerical modeling in the field of industrial fire accidentology has become common nowadays and this tendency is expected to increase with the development of performance simulation tools. Despite the constant development of fire modeling tools, the current state of the art is not yet able to accurately predict fire phenomena. This gap between the reality and simulations is probably due to the presence of some level of uncertainty, which may occur from the meteorological inputs, diffusion assumptions, plume dynamics, or emission production. To cope with the presence of uncertainties in the input data, we propose an uncertainty analysis enabling to avoid as much as possible bad decisions that may have a large impact in domains such as safety. In this study, we are interested in the uncertainty propagation related to NO2 atmospheric dispersion resulting from a crude oil tank fire. Uncertainties were defined a priori for each of the following input parameters: wind speed, NO2 emission rate, and viscosity and diffusivity coefficients. For that purpose, a Monte Carlo approach has been used. In order to evaluate the importance of the considered parameters on the NO2 dispersion, new sensitivity indicator has been developed. The obtained results showed that the viscosity coefficient and the wind speed are the most significant input parameters with respect to NO2 concentration near to the source of fire, while the wind speed and the initial concentration are the important parameters for distant areas.