Hygiène, Sécurité et environnement(HSE)

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New insight into the average probability of failure on demand and the probability of dangerous failure per hour of safety instrumented systems
(Journal of Risk and Reliability.Vol. 224 Part O.pp 75-86, 2010-06-02) Innal Fares
The aim of this paper is to give a new insight into some fundamental concepts of the IEC 61508 standard. First, low and high or continuous demand modes of operation of safety instrumented systems are examined by analysing their official definitions given in the IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 standards. In this context, the paper proposes a new criterion for distinguishing these two modes of operation. A study allowing the determination of accident frequency is also presented, where the system under study consists of one element under control and its associated safety instrumented system. Second, the relationship between the average probabilities of failure on demand and the risk reduction factor is studied. It is shown that the commonly used approach (the standard approach) may lead to an optimistic value for the risk reduction factor. Finally, the paper clarifies the nature of the probability of failure per hour of a safety instrumented system and proposes different ways to compute this in the general case, based on fault tree, Markov model, and Petri nets approaches.
Uncertainty analysis of industrial fire effects simulation
(CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS. VOL35.pp 1423-1428, 2013-01-02) Innal Fares
In this study, we have studied the relative influence of uncertainty in input parameters of an atmospheric dispersion model (wind speed, NOx initial concentration and NOx diffusivity coefficient) on the variation of the outputs. Knowing the uncertainty of a prediction is critical for the decision making process. While the uncertainties in various elements of the modelling process are being determined, it is also important to investigate how those uncertainties interact with each other and contribute to the uncertainty in the final result (e.g. NOx concentration predictions). Therefore, decision-makers should not base their judgment solely on the mean values, but they should, in particular, consider the upper bound plume concentration. In further work, we will include all parameters and also consider the parametric sensitivity analysis of the numerical dispersion model.
Approche distribuée de l'apprentissage : Application au contrôle de la trajectoire d'un robot hexapode
(Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés. Volume 39- n°8. pp 965-993, 2005-10-01) Zennir Youcef
Une approche distribuée de l’apprentissage par renforcement de type Q-learning est proposée dans laquelle des groupes d’agents contribuant à une même tâche mènent leur apprentissage en tenant compte ou non de l’existence des autres agents. L’approche est appliquée à la commande d’un robot hexapode pour qu’il apprenne à marcher et à changer de trajectoire tout en contrôlant sa posture. Les résultats de simulation valident l’approche proposée. D’autres travaux de recherche relatifs au domaine sont discutés.
Cost Effective Analysis of the Design of Safety Instrumented Systems Using Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm
(International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering Vol. 13, No. 6, December, 2023, pp. 975-986, 2023-12-25) Innal Fares
This study aims to develop a new cost effectiveness analysis framework in the context of safety instrumented systems (SIS) design and operation. The primary objective is to achieve an optimal equilibrium among safety integrity, operational integrity, and lifecycle cost of SIS. It is essential to note that these objectives may often be in conflict; for instance, enhancing safety integrity could potentially diminish operational integrity and escalate costs. Achieving this balance is crucial to ensure that the risk level being addressed aligns precisely with the desired objectives while minimizing any adverse effects. The novelty of this paper lies in the refined formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem and the application of a recently developed swarm-based MantaRay Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a typical SIS design challenge, which entails satisfying specific measures in terms of Safety Integrity Level (SIL), spurious trip activation rate, and lifecycle cost. These measures depend on variables such as the number and voting scheme of components, their types, and the intervals for potential proof tests. For validation and comparison, the problem was initially tackled using a conventional approach based on genetic algorithms. Subsequently, the MRFO algorithm was employed, yielding highly satisfactory results and confirming its proficiency in resolving real-world SIS optimization challenges. Notably, the MRFO algorithm produced a greater number of solutions compared to the genetic algorithm approach. This increase in solution options is advantageous, offering decision-makers a broader array of choices for optimal system design. This study contributes significantly to the field of SIS design, presenting an innovative, algorithm-driven approach to balancing safety, operational integrity, and cost in system development. It also contributes to understanding the life cycle costs of security barriers in general.
Supervision System and Vibration Control of a Turbo-Compressor 100TK-51(Skikda Refinery) Using In touch-Triconex Platform
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 3.pp 187-194, 2024-09-30) Zennir Youcef
Industrial maintenance has become a major issue for both the sustainability of machinery and boosting the production rate and energy efficiency of industrial facilities. The present work is focused on the creation of a monitoring system for a rotating machine (100 Tk-51) in Skikda Refinery. The system offers a vibration analysis paired with a safety algorithm implemented in a higher-performance PLC (TRICONEX). The HMI (Hamman Machine Interface) is designed to employ the Intouch platform. By incorporating sophisticated vibration monitoring, the system enables early diagnosis of mechanical difficulties, directly combining maintenance activities with vibration data to avert possible breakdowns. The system's goal is to deliver a powerful tool that not only prevents accidents but also evaluates any weaknesses before any problems arise, ensuring the equipment's continuous and efficient functioning
Application of STPA for Comprehensive Risk Analysis of Naphtha Explosion Hazards Case study: Column C-63 at Skikda-RA1K refinery
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 3.pp153-161, 2024-09-30) Zennir Youcef
Chemical accidents always result in significant losses due to the flammable, explosive, and toxic characteristics of hazardous chemicals. Analysis of process safety parameters is an effective way to prevent hazardous chemical accidents and reduce losses. System-theoretic process analysis (STPA) is a newer hazard analysis technique that is based on systems theory. It has been shown to be effective in identifying hazards in other industries, but its application in oil and gas plants is still rare and limited due to systems complexities and other challenges. This paper aims to apply the STPA method to a complex system “column C-63” at the Skikda RA1K refinery to prevent the explosion scenario of naphtha. The results show that STPA was able to identify the root causes of the explosion scenario, which is important for preventing chemical risks.
Risk Identification of Robotic Systems through the Application of System-Theoretic Process Analysis
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 2.pp 107-112, 2024-06-01) Bensaci Chaima; Zennir Youcef
Autonomous multi-mobile robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in various applications, ranging from industrial automation to healthcare and logistics. While these robots offer enhanced efficiency and productivity, their operation introduces many safety challenges. In this paper, the application of SystemTheoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is proposed as a systematic approach to identify and mitigate risks associated with the main features of autonomous multi-mobile robots. This approach is illustrated using a case study concerning a transportation task of hazardous products within a robotic analysis laboratory. Through a structured analysis process, STPA enables the identification of unsafe control actions, the establishment of safety constraints also the generation of safety requirements. The ultimate goal is to improve the autonomous attribute of mobile robots, so on ensuring their operational safety in high-risk environments.
Deep Q-Learning-Based Trajectory Optimization for Vehicle Navigation in CARLA
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 9, Issue 2.pp 128-133, 2024-06-01) Zennir Youcef
This paper presents a comprehensive study that focuses on simulating a vehicle within the autonomousvehicle simulator, CARLA. The primary objective of this research is to enable the vehicle to accurately follow apredetermined trajectory while effectively avoiding obstacles in its environment. Deep QLearning algorithms areemployed to achieve this goal, aiming to optimize the safety of the vehicle'snavigation. The simulation of the vehicleserves as a platform for studying the rules of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and their impact on the vehicle's navigation.The objective is to identify the most suitable rule that leads to improved optimization of the vehicle's trajectory. Byleveraging the capabilities of CARLA as the simulation environment and implementing state-of-the-art DQNalgorithms, this research contributes to the advancement of autonomous vehicle technology. The findings of this studyhave practical implications for enhancing the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicle navigation systems, makingthem highly relevant to industryprofessionals, researchers, and academic scholars in this field.
Implementing FMEA for Multi-Stage Centrifugal Compressor in ASU “AQS”
(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS) Vol 02, No 01, pp. 24-32, 2024-06-30) Zennir Youcef
Air separation units (ASUs) play a crucial role in industrial processes that require gases of high purity. Within ASUs, multi-stage centrifugal compressors are vital since they efficiently compress and deliver air for subsequent separation processes. However, these compressors are susceptible to various failure modes, which can have a significant impact on the performance and safety of ASUs. To address this issue, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is employed as a systematic approach for identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing potential failure modes in complex systems. This article provides an overview of the applications of FMEA in multi-stage centrifugal compressors within ASUs. It explores the challenges and benefits associated with FMEA, emphasizing its role in enhancing compressor reliability, reducing downtime, and fostering operational excellence.
Enhancing Mobility for Individuals with Disabilities: A Computer Vision-Based Approach to Electric Wheelchair Control
(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS) Vol.02, N°: 01.pp07-10, 2024-06-30) Zennir Youcef
In this work, we utilized a branch of artificial intelligence known as computer vision to provide easy and possible control of motorized wheelchairs in some special cases. We recognized that many disabled individuals who are unable to use their hands face challenges in operating traditional control sticks. Thus, we proposed a system that controls the wheelchair's movement by tracking the individual's head direction through a fixed camera placed in front of it. This means the wheelchair only moves based on the user's intended path as determined by their visual focus. This work has been successfully implemented in a simulated environment.
Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance for a Hexapod Robot Using Proximity Sensors
(international Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS)Vol.02, N°: 01.pp 01-06, 2024-06-30) Zennir Youcef
The hexapod walking robot serves as a versatile mobile platform, adept at navigating challenging terrains owing to its stable leg-based locomotion. Demonstrating high stability in both static and dynamic states, it effectively traverses terrains with obstacles. In this paper, we propose a method for obstacle avoidance utilizing proximity sensors, integrated with an Intelligent Walking Algorithm (IWA) for locomotion control, and a tripod gait algorithm for walking. Our simulations were conducted using the CoppeliaSim simulator with the Python interface. The results were highly satisfactory, as the robot consistently avoided obstacles with a remarkable combination of stability and precision.
Analyzing Storage Tank Incidents: Utilizing Fishbone Diagram and Fault Tree Methods
(International Journal of Automation and Safety (IJAS). Vol.02, N°: 0.pp 47-56, 2024-06-30) Zennir Youcef
Oil and gas are the most important energies in the word. To exploit them both, go through a set of steps such as exploration; drilling, extraction, refining and storage. In this last step (storage), there are several methods of storage using floating Roof Tanks, Fixed Roof Tanks, Fixed Roof Tanks with internal floating Roof, Sphere…. etc. In storage phase happen many accidents and incidents. This paper divided in two main parts, the first part reviews storage tank types, storage tanks accidents types and accident locations. And in the second parts we used Fish bone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram) and Fault tree method to investigate the causes of storage tanks accidents/incidents and their mitigation action. The statical analysis of the accident shows that 74%of accident happened between refinery facilities and the most common accidents are Fire and Explosion by 80%. While the most two major causes of accidents are Lightning by 33%, followed by human Error by 30%
Performance Assessment of an Emergency Plan Using Petri Nets
(JOURNAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS.Vol 32 pp235-240, 2013-01-01) Innal Fares
Emergency plans (EP) are complex systems which incorporate elements of three different natures: technical, human and organizational. In addition, they must be executed under time and efficiency constraints. This inherent complexity may leads to a number of failures, such as unavailability of critical personnel or technical assets and inappropriate operators' actions. In this paper we present a Petri Netbased approach to model and evaluate the performance of an EP related to condensate storage tank fire scenario. In fact, Petri Nets are a powerful tool to describe complex systems and their inherent interactions. Due to the model complexity, results are obtained thanks to Monte Carlo simulation.
Industrial fire simulation and uncertainty associated with the Emission Dispersion Model
(Journal Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014-10-01) Innal Fares
The use of numerical modeling in the field of industrial fire accidentology has become common nowadays and this tendency is expected to increase with the development of performance simulation tools. Despite the constant development of fire modeling tools, the current state of the art is not yet able to accurately predict fire phenomena. This gap between the reality and simulations is probably due to the presence of some level of uncertainty, which may occur from the meteorological inputs, diffusion assumptions, plume dynamics, or emission production. To cope with the presence of uncertainties in the input data, we propose an uncertainty analysis enabling to avoid as much as possible bad decisions that may have a large impact in domains such as safety. In this study, we are interested in the uncertainty propagation related to NO2 atmospheric dispersion resulting from a crude oil tank fire. Uncertainties were defined a priori for each of the following input parameters: wind speed, NO2 emission rate, and viscosity and diffusivity coefficients. For that purpose, a Monte Carlo approach has been used. In order to evaluate the importance of the considered parameters on the NO2 dispersion, new sensitivity indicator has been developed. The obtained results showed that the viscosity coefficient and the wind speed are the most significant input parameters with respect to NO2 concentration near to the source of fire, while the wind speed and the initial concentration are the important parameters for distant areas.
Interest of the theory of uncertain in the Dynamic LCAFire methodology to assess fire effects
(journal Physics Procedia n° 55 .pp 207 – 214, 2014-12-01) Innal Fares
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is the third phase of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) described in ISO 14042. The purpose of LCIA is to assess a product system’s life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) in order to better understand its environmental significance. However, LCIA typically excludes spatial, temporal, threshold and dose-response information, and combines emissions or activities over space and/or time. This may diminish the environmental relevance of the indicator result. The methodology, Dynamic LCA -Fire proposed in this paper to complete the International Standard ISO 14042 in the fire field, combines the LCA - Fire method with the Dispersion Numerical Model. It is based on the use of the plume model used to assess pollutant concentrations and thermal effects from fire accident scenarios. In this study, The Dynamic LCA - Fire methodology is applied to a case study for petroleum production process management.
IMC Multi-Controller Strategies applied on a Manipulator Robot
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol.2, Issue 1.pp 51-62, 2017-04-01) Zennir Youcef
The paper focuses on the use of multi-controller approach to control a robot wrist (STÄUBLI robot RX 90). The descriptions of a nonlinear mathematical model of the process have been presented with the local parametric models around operating points. Controller design of a conventional PID, IMC control, LQG control and Hv (loop shaping) has been described around each selected operating points for each local parametric models. Finally , in order to show the efficiency of the proposed method, some simulation results in CAO 3D solid-works and MATLAB environments are given.
Minimum time control of a two DOF robotic arm with noised measurements
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS) .Vol.2, Issue 1.pp 21-30, 2017-04-01) Zennir Youcef
This paper presents a new approach for minimum time control dynamics of a two links manipulator robot in the case of noised outputs. Briefly, this technique consists of linearizing a nonlinear dynamic model of the robot by using a feedback linearization control. Once, the linear model has been obtained, a minimum time control with constraints, using the Pontryagin Minimum Principle will be developed. Here, the objective is to control the arm robot from an initial configuration to the final configuration in minimum time. The state variables are estimated by a Kalman-Luenberger observer. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed method, some simulation results are given.
Control Of Mobile Robot Navigation Under The Virtual World Matlab-Gazebo
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS) .Vol. 2, Issue 4.pp 207-217, 2017-12-01) Zennir Youcef Bensaci Chaima
In this paper, we present our navigation control approach of a mobile robot (Turtlebot 2 robot) based on the stability Lyapunov function; our mobile robot is composed of two differential wheels. The kinematic model of the robot is presented followed by the description of the control approach. A 3D simulation under the Gazebo software is developed in interaction with the kinematic model and the control approach under MATLAB-SIMULINK software. The purpose of this study is to carry out an autonomous navigation; we initially planned different trajectories then we tried to be followed them by the robot. Our navigation strategy based on its odometry information, based on robot position and orientation errors; Velocity commands are sent for the robot to follow the chosen path. Different simulations were performed in 2D and 3D and the results obtained are presented followed by the envisaged future work.
Robust H Controller of a nonlinear unstable system: Robotics wrist
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES.Volume 11.pp 273-278, 2017-12-01) Zennir Youcef
The paper presents a new multi-controllers approach with H control applied to control a manipulator robot wrist (Staubli RX-90). A brief description of process and linear mathematical modeling of the process. Principle of multicontrollers approach of control is briefly presented. Our new proposals concerning the type of the controllers used in the multicontroller approach of control and which are one controller based on H control for nonlinear system and linear local models around each operating points. The principal of H control has been described and finally the simulation results obtained approve the efficiency of our design control followed by a conclusion and some perspectives for future work.
Automated depandability analysis of the HDPE Reactor using D-higraphs HAZOP assistant
(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS). Vol. 2, Issue 4.pp 255-265, 2017-12-01) Mechhoud El-Arkam; Zennir Youcef
In this paper we present a HAZOP Assistant based on D-higraphs and dedicated to a functional modeling technique that gathers functional and structural information of the process under study. This work is applied to the study of an industrial case - High Density Polyethylene reactor part of the CP2K plant situated in the petrochemical platform of Skikda- and its results are compared with the conventional HAZOP study and SADT method.

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