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Item A new tool for risk analysis and assessment in petrochemical plants(Alexandria University. Alexandria Engineering Journal.2016.55,p2919/p2931, 2016-06-09) Mechhoud El-Arkam ; Rouainia Mounira ; Rodriguez ManuelThe aim of our work was the implementation of a new automated tool dedicated to risk analysis and assessment in petrochemical plants, based on a combination of two analysis methods: HAZOP (HAZard and OPerability) and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). Assessment of accident scenarios is also considered. The principal advantage of the two analysis methods is to speed-up hazard identification and risk assessment and forecast the nature and impact of such acci- dents. Plant parameters are analyzed under a graphical interface to facilitate the exploitation of our developed approach. This automated analysis brings out the different deviations of the operating parameters of any system in the plant. Possible causes of these deviations, their consequences and preventive actions are identified. The result is risk minimization and dependability enhance- ment of the considered system. 2016 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Item Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Improved by Fuzzy-PI Controller: Applied to Magnetic Levitation System †(Journal Engineering Proceedings.. 2022, 14, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022014014.pp 01-09, 2022-02-08) Achouri Mourad; Zennir YoucefThis study mainly concerns the use of Fuzzy-PI adaptive sliding control (Fuzzy-ASMC) to force the stat space of MAGLEV to track a desired trajectory. The usage of adaptive sliding mode control allows the MAGLEV to operate in an uncertain environment and in the presence of external disturbances. The Fuzzy-PI schema is designed to improve the performance of adaptive sliding mode control and reduce the main drawback caused by the discontinuous term of this method, which is the well-known chattering phenomenon. The results of our study prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving desired performancesItem An Intelligent Optimization Algorithm for Scheduling the Required SIL Using Neural Network †(Journal Engineering Proceedings.Eng. Proc. 2023, 29, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023029005.P 1/10., 2023-01-11) Batout Naoual ; Bendib Riad ; Zennir YoucefThe purpose of safety analysis is to ensure that hazards and risks that could be a possible source of harm and damage are reduced well enough by dealing with all phases of the safety lifecycle and design of suitable safety barriers. It is known that any error or failure to perform the function of each proposed safety barrier can cause extreme damage to the environment, facilities and humans, and even loss of life. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the study or analysis. However, even with the major development in control system fields the problems of uncertainties, classification and optimization are still considered unsolved issues. In recent years several tools are developed based on artificial intelligence to deal with such difficulties. In this work, an approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is developed to schedule the SIL values of the safety integrity functions (SIF) of an industrial-fired heater. The SIFs are first deduced from HAZOP study for the fired heater. The SIL risk of the consequences related to personnel health and safety, the economic SIL and environment SIL are considered as inputs of the multilayer network with a predefined hard limit activation function.Item Cost and Risk Prediction in Road Transportation of Hazmat by ANFIS Trained with PSO, FA, HBBO and ICA(International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering.Vol. 12, No. 4, August, 2022, pp. 429-439, 2022-08-01) Ahcouri Mourad; Zennir Youcef; Cherif TolbaThis paper proposes adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict the risk with its aggregated cost (CR) of an accident in road transportation of hazardous material, the aim is to provide a more accurate and reliable data for the safety of transportation. The determination risk index by the conventional methods such as Risk graphs and deterministic approaches may lead to imprecise values due to the uncertainties, in both parameters and models. The proposed technique is a hybrid schema, which combines the main advantageous of fuzzy logic (address uncertainties) and neural network (learn from a given data). In other hand our study seeks to tune the parameters of the proposed model by particle swarm optimization (PSO), firefly algorithm (FA), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and human based-behavior optimization (HBBO) and hence optimize the performance of ANFIS. The simulation result of this work and the comparative analysis shows that ANFIS yield height performance and the ANFIS-PSO was the outstanding one in the training phase, while ANFIS-FA gives better results in the testing process.Item Design of Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Controller for FESTO Process Workstation †(Journal Engineering Proceedings.Eng. Proc. 2023, 29, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023029006. p8/8, 2023-01-01) Bendib Riad; Mechhoud El-Arkam; Kassah Maroua; Kattouche Wiam; Zennir YoucefFuzzy logic is the most effective mathematical solution that has been presented in the last few years to deal with the problems in which imprecise and uncertain data exist. It can be defined as a generalization of classical binary logic, which admits only two logical states, true or false, by adding degrees of truth between the extreme values. Its basics were initiated by Lotfi Zadeh in the mid-1960s. However, in the last few years, a question was raised by different authors: yes, by using a fuzzy set or membership functions we can solve the problem of some kinds of uncertainties, but what is the situation in cases where the uncertainties exist in the membership function itself? To handle this situation, researchers introduce type 2 fuzzy logic. In our paper, we will introduce the design of a type 2 fuzzy logic controller to control the level in a FESTO process workstation. The mathematical model is first deduced, and after that the controller is designed. The simulation results show that the obtained controller gives very good transient characteristics for the system response work.Item Formal Verification of Heterogeneous Systems using relative clock regions(Faculté des sciences, 2023) HARRAGA, Hanane; TAABANI ,Maroua; LAYADI ,SaidCurrently, formal methods are increasingly being used to analyze the behavior of real-time systems. These systems are often part of critical applications, meaning that an error during their operation can have serious consequences in domains such as avionics, industrial process control and nuclear power plant control. For this reason, these systems need to be verified before their implementation. Formal verification methods, or simply formal methods, are increasingly being utilized to meet the requirements imposed on this type of systems. In this study, we focused on the verification of heterogeneous real-time systems. This verification require the proposal of formal approaches that facilitate the development of verification tools. Formal methods offer effective techniques for verifying a given system. The used model, called duration action timed automata with relative time (daTA-R), is an extension of standard timed automata. In this model, distributed real-time systems are composed of a set of daTA components. We assume that each component is characterized by a set of local clocks that evolve at a different frequency, but relative to the clocks of other components. To study the semantics of such systems, we have used the parameter called ”slope,” which represents the ratio between the clock frequencies. Also, we have used the equivalence relation between clock valuations to move towards region graphs. Finally, a tool has been developed to construct, for each daTA-R, the corresponding regions automatonItem Functional modeling using D-higraph for process hazard analysis(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 7, Issue 2.pp 71-76, 2022-06-01) Seif El Islam Bouasla; Zennir Youcef; Mechhoud El-ArkamThe main objective of this paper is presenting the use of D-higraph to perform hazard analysis. Dhigraph is a functional modeling technique; it is used to capture the functional and structural aspects of process plants. It presents not only the functionality of the system with its goals, but also the relation existing between these functions/goals and the devices that perform/achieve them. This work is applied to the study of an industrial case in a petroleum plant in Skikda refinery.Item Fuzzy approach for safety integrity level evaluation to improve the safety of an industrial fred heater(International Journal of Systems Assurance - Engineering and Management, 2023-08-22) Batout Naoual; Zennir Youcef; Tedjani Ahmed ; Bendib Riadct The study proposes an integrated frame imple mented based on HAZOP and fuzzy evaluation of risk matrix (used to evaluate the safety integrity level), the aim is the improvement of an industrial fred heater safety. The determination of target SIL of any safety-instrumented function by the conventional methods such as Risk graphs, LOPA…may give imprecise values due uncertainties, in both parameters and models. Fuzzy theory is a useful math ematical approach to deal with the problem of uncertainties, by applying the membership principle introduced by L.A Zadeh. In this paper, we will use the Fuzzy theory to evalu ate the target SIL for HAZOP recommended safety func tions of a fred heater. The results will be compared with other SIL values (called calculated SIL and deduced using practical data of Probability of failure under Demand (PFD values). Depending on these comparison, recommendations for improvement are raised. In our case and from the overall study more safety functions should be added and the design of others have to be modifed to respect the required safety levelItem Fuzzy-PI Conroller Tuned With GWO, WOA And TLBO For 2 DOF Robot Trajectory Control(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS).Vol. 7, Issue 1.pp01-06, 2022-03-01) Achouri Mourad; Zennir Youcef; Tolba CherifIn this study, a manipulator robot with two degrees of freedom was controlled by Fuzzy-PI adjust by three meta-heuristic algorithms (Grey wolf optimizer (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO)). The scale factors of the fuzzy system of the Takagi-Sugano type (the width of the membership functions) and the parameters of PI were optimized by those three algorithms under the cost function of the absolute magnitude of the mean error (MAE). In order to investigate the robustness of the proposed controller we considered the friction forces. The results of the simulation prove the controller's effectiveness to following a given trajectoryItem Implémentation d’un Système de Mapping à base de Blockchain dans l’Education(Facult´e des Sciences, 2023) ATTAHER YAHAYA, Amadou Tidjani; KISSOUM YacineLa technologie blockchain est dans son ère d’ascension, elle ne cesse de se propager depuis sa toute première utilisation qui est celle des cryptomonnaies. Mais grâce à ses caractéristiques innovatrices tels que la décentralisation, les protocoles cryptographiques, le système de preuve combinés aux smart contracts, elle a apporté de nouvelles possibilités au-delà des seules transactions de cryptomonnaies. Des possibilités dans de nombreux domaines, notamment dans l’éducation. Notre travail consiste en la création d’un système d’orientation des étudiants en tronc commun vers une spécialité d’étude adéquate sur la base de leurs acquis et des informations des spécialités. Ensuite nous créons un mapping des spécialités aux différents profils professionnels d’O*net pour donner à l’étudiant la possibilité de voir les potentiels profils professionnels auxquels il peut prétendre à la fin de sa formation. Nous créons ainsi un Profil Blockchain à l’étudiant pour donner un accès sécurisé et décentralisé aux Employeurs désireux de recruter de jeunes diplômés, créant par la même un lien entre les universités et les employeurs. Ainsi notre proposition est aussi une manière de concrétiser les multiples avantages que peut apporter la Blockchain à l’éducationItem Integrating Functional Block Diagrams and Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis: A Case Study of a Nuclear Power Station(International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering.Vol. 14, No. 2. pp. 359-372, 2024-04-26) Islem Berri; Youcef Zennir; Mechhoud El-Arkam ; Yiliu LiuHazard analysis and risk assessment are critical for ensuring safety and reliability in complex systems. This article presents a combined approach to hazard analysis and risk assessment using Functional Block Diagrams (FBD) and Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) methods. The FBD method is a versatile and intuitive diagrammatic technique used to describe the functions and interrelationships of complex systems. It represents the system as a set of interconnected blocks, each depicting a specific function, which collectively defines the system's behaviour. On the other hand, STPA is an advanced safety analysis method focusing on control structures and the interaction between components. It identifies potential unsafe control actions by analysing the information flow and the system's feedback mechanisms. The two methods are complementary and can be integrated to provide a more effective and efficient approach to hazard analysis and risk assessment. A case study of a nuclear power plant is used to demonstrate the benefits of the combined approach. Practical considerations for implementing the approach are discussed and compared with other hazard analysis and risk assessment methods. The article concludes with suggestions for future research and development in this area, highlighting the potential impact of the combined FBD-STPA approach for improving safety and reliability in complex systemsItem Intelligent and Robust Controller Tuned with WOA: Applied for the Inverted Pendulum(Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés.Vol. 55, No. 3, June, 2022, pp. 359-366, 2022-06-06) Achouri Mourad; Youce Zennir; Cherif TolbaInverted pendulum is a well-known problem in the control theory because several systems such as robot balancing, Segway, hover board riding and operation of a rocket propeller are inherently based on Inverted Pendulum, furthermore it possesses a height non-linear and unstable dynamics. The main objective of our study is to introduce a comparative analysis of fuzzy logic (FLC), radial basis function neural network (RBF) and integral sliding mode control (ISMC) tuned with whale optimizer algorithm (WOA) for the control of the angle position and velocity of the inverted pendulum system. The implemented controller schemas can adequately reflect and approximate a certain type of uncertainties, nevertheless their parameters should be fine-tuned in order to get height and efficient performance, therefore all the antecedents and consequences of those controllers were tuned with WOA. This later provide height accuracy and fast convergence with height dimensional cost function. Comparative results shows that ISMC-WOA outperforms other techniques in term of settling time and overshoot.Item International Journal of Automation and Safety(Université 20 Aout 1955 Skikda. Issue: 00.September-2023. 33p, 2023-09-01) Zennir YoucefThe International Journal of Automation and Safety IJAS is a comprehensive platform dedicated to advancing knowledge in the fields of automation science and safety science. Our aim is to provide a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and students interested in the latest developments, theories, and applications in these areas. This journal covers a wide range of topics related to automation and safety, including but not limited to industrial automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, control systems, risk and dependability assessment, hazard analysis, and safety management. By publishing high-quality research articles, reviews, and case studies, we aim to foster innovation, promote best practices, and contribute to the overall improvement of automation and safety practices. Multidisciplinary research that bridges the gap between automation and safety/reliability is particularly welcome. Our editorial board comprises experts and scholars from academia, industry, and research institutions, ensuring the publication of cutting-edge and impactful research. Whether you are an engineer, scientist, or professional working in automation or safety-related fields, the IJAS provides a platform to share and explore the latest advancements, emerging trends, and practical solutions. Join us in shaping the future of automation science and safety science. IJAS is an international peer-reviewed open-access journal, disseminating the quality research in the following fields: * Automation, systems and control, * Autonomous systems, * Multiagent systems, * Decision-making and decision support, * Robotics, * Mechatronics, * Data sciences, * New computing paradigms, * Principles and theory of risk assessment and management * Risk assessment policy, standards and regulations * Risk-based decision making and risk management * Decision making and decision support systems for risk and disaster management on regional and global scales * Risk perception and communications * Risk assessment and control * Risk characterisation * Dynamic risk assessment Integration of risk models and quantifications * Advanced concepts and information technologies in risk assessment and management * Integrated risk assessment and safety management * Integrated risk assessment in developing and rapidly developing countries, etc. Topics covered include. * Diagnosis of continuous and discrete event systems (DES) * Control of continuous, Discrete Event Systems and hybrid systems * Fault-tolerant control * Integrated modelling, simulation and analysis approaches for dependability assessment * Dynamic reliability * Process safety and environmental engineering * Public health and medical services * Process engineering and environmental protection * Computer science and safety * Health and safety at work * Environmental and ecological systems * Biology and human behavioral scienceItem La Question Du Logement En Algerie Les Maximes Existent Toujours Dans Le Monde ; Il Suffit De Les Appliquer ! (pascal)(مجلة مقاربات, 2016-01-04) Toumi, RiadLa question du logement en Algérie restera sans doute une des problématiques les plus épineuses depuis l’indépendance. En revanche, l’esprit collectif et individuel est marqué à jamais par une crise qui n’en finit pas de générer conflits, pressions, désarrois et bouleversements à tout les niveaux. Dans cette perspective, le profil sociologique de la population algérienne se dessine (entre autres) sur la base d’une conception et une représentation sociale du logement à partir de la manière dont on le produit, l’acquérir, l’aménager, le rénover ou le vendre. A cet effet, Les politiques publiques sont mises en cause pour une des raisons qui paraît des plus simples à savoir ; le marketing du produit logement se fait en dehors d’une approche sociologique pourtant si nécessaire.Item La reconnaissance des images par CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)(Faculté des Sciences, 2023) DJAREDDIR, Rahma; MANSOUL, ALa reconnaissance d'images est considérée comme l'une des tâches les plus importantes et les plus complexes en intelligence artificielle et en traitement d'images. Elle implique l'utilisation d'algorithmes et de modèles pour analyser et interpréter le contenu visuel d'une image. La reconnaissance d'images trouve de nombreuses applications pratiques, notamment dans la classification d'images, la détection d'objets, la reconnaissance faciale, la reconnaissance de caractères, la vision par ordinateur, etc. Cela a conduit de nombreux chercheurs à explorer plusieurs techniques basées sur des données brutes pour la reconnaissance d’objets les au vu des caractéristiques apparentes. Ceci nous a incités à nous pencher vers une approche basée sur la reconnaissance à l’aide d’un CNN afin de reconnaitre le contenu d’une image. Cette approche est testé sur un data set d’images qui présentent plusieurs catégories d’animaux avec analyse de ces de différentes images, et pour un cas donné nous utiliserons le modèle CNN pour reconnaitre l’animal en question. Notre approche nous a permis d’atteindre un taux de reconnaissance de 98.93 %.Item Mise en œuvre d'un algorithme de sécurisation des données dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil.(Faculty of sciences, 2023) Belmeguenai ,Houssem Eddine; Mouhamed Ben Ali, Alaa Eddine; Redjimi ,MouhamedLa sécurisation de la communication réseau représente l'un des défis les plus importants dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil. La plupart des protocoles de sécurité sont construits autour d'algorithmes de cryptage et d'authentification puissants. Pour atteindre les objectifs de sécurité, la gestion des clés est la première fonction fondamentale puisque les nœuds de capteurs ont besoin d'une clé commune valide pour exploiter les mécanismes de cryptographie. L'utilisation d'un algorithme de chiffrement est une méthode courante pour sécuriser les données dans ces réseaux. Dans ce travaille on a parler sur L'un de ces algorithmes : l'algorithme AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). L'intégration de l'algorithme AES avec le mode Galois/Counter (GCM) constitue une approche très efficace pour assurer une transmission sécurisée des données au sein des réseaux de capteurs sans fil. AES, un algorithme de chiffrement symétrique reconnu pour sa robustesse et son adoption généralisée, combiné à GCM, un mode de fonctionnement offrant des vérifications d'intégrité des données et une authentification, établit une base solide pour protéger les informations sensibles dans les RCSF. En utilisant AES-GCM, les RCSF peuvent se défendre contre les accès non autorisés, la manipulation des données et les tentatives de contrefaçon. L'intégrité des données transmises est assurée grâce au chiffrement authentifié fourni par GCM, qui protège non seulement contre les modifications non autorisées, mais détecte également toute tentative de manipulation. Cette combinaison établit une base de confiance solide au sein du réseau et protège la confidentialité, l'intégrité et l'authenticité des données transmisesItem Model predictive controller for a microrobot navigating in a vascular channel by following a trajectory generated with a joystick device(ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS) Vol. 7, Issue 4, December-2022| ISSN: 2543-3792- EISSN:2676-1548 p 184/191., 2022-12-04) Meziane Larbi; Guechi El-Hadi ; Miadi Ahmed ; Zennir Youcef ; Belahret KarimThis article proposes a model predictive control (MPC) for trajectory tracking of a microrobot in a 2D fluidic environment. The reference trajectory is generated using a joystick device and it is estimated using a Luenberger observer. Assuming that the position of the microrobot is measured, the objective is to design an observer-based MPC control capable to track the reference trajectory generated by a joystick device. To optimize the MPC control, we have introduced a quadratic criterion where these parameters are determined to have a specific behavior of the closed loop system. Finally, simulation results are presented here to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.Item Multiobjective Optimization of the Performance of Safety Systems †(Journals Engineering Proceedings.Eng. Proc. 2023, 29, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023029010.p 1/6, 2023-01-13) Boukrouma Houcem Eddine; Bendib Riad; Zennir Youcef; Mechhoud El‑ArkamThe activation of the safety‑instrumented systems in industrial processes is carried out after the occurrence of specific deviations (dangerous situations) from normal operation (normal situations), but in some cases, the safety‑instrumented systems are activated in the absence of devi‑ ations or requests; these are the unwanted activations. The system chosen in this study is a system with high‑pressure gas and inflammable gas, and it is protected by a firefighting system that prevents any kind of accident in order to protect humans, systems, and the environment. The activation of the emergency shutdown system causes stoppage of the whole system by closing the input and output valves. This paper presents the optimization of the voting redundancies of safety‑instrumented sys‑ tems by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. The objectives to optimize are the average probability of dangerous failure on demand, which represents the system safety integrity, and the spurious trip rate, which presents the activation of a safety function without the presence of a demand.Item Optimization of a Speed Controller of a DFIM with Metaheuristic Algorithms †(Journals/ Engineering Proceedings- 2023, 29, 13. p01 / p10., 2023-01-16) Chetioui Lotfi; Zennir Youcef; Arabi Marwa; Horst Schulte; Bendib Riad; Mechhoud El-ArkamThis study proposes a control architecture based on iterative stochastic algorithms to control the doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM), often used in wind systems. We briefly present the modeling of this machine. We describe in more detail the control architecture based on indirect vector control by flux orientation (IFOC). This control architecture is optimized with the application of iterative stochastic algorithms applied to the speed controller. The optimization algorithms used were Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA). A comparative study under Matlab/Simulink between the different results obtained clearly shows the effectiveness of our approach.Item Oxidation Damage Analysis of Ferritic Alloy Steel Heater Tubes in Catalytic Reforming Unit(International Journal of Heat and Technology.Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 390-398, 2024-04-30) Dib Khawla ; Zennir Youcef ; Bounezour Hichem ; Bouasla Seif El IslamReformer heater tubes operate in a complex environment involving high temperatures, pressure, and corrosive atmospheres. Depending on the operating conditions, several mechanisms can occur, such as creep, oxidation, high-temperature hydrogen attack, and carburization. This paper aims to evaluate the degradation degree of catalytic reformer heater tubes made of ferritic alloy-steel A 335 grade P22 based on a combination of inspection techniques, including visual inspection, microstructure observation, metallographic analysis, and mechanical properties testing. The results show severe oxidation and scaling occurring on the outer surface of the heater tube due to operating the tubes above recommended levels. Several recommendations are suggested to reduce the risk of thermal oxidation and prevent similar damages from reoccurring in the future.